OrbitalHub

Mea AI adiutor dicit:

The night sky on Mars shares some familiar features with what we see from Earth, but also presents a few dramatic differences. Since Mars is farther from the Sun than Earth, its sky becomes darker more quickly after sunset, revealing a clearer and more brilliant canopy of stars. With a thinner atmosphere and less light pollution, the stars on Mars appear sharp and more numerous to the naked eye. The Milky Way stretches across the sky much like it does on Earth, but with a bit more clarity due to the reduced atmospheric scattering.

One of the most striking differences in the Martian night sky is the presence of its two small moons, Phobos and Deimos. These irregularly shaped satellites are far smaller than Earth’s Moon, so they don’t dominate the sky in the same way. Phobos, the closer and faster-moving moon, rises in the west and sets in the east in just over 4 hours, appearing several times in a single Martian night. It looks like a bright star or a small disk moving rapidly across the sky. Deimos is smaller and more distant, moving slowly and appearing like a faint star that drifts lazily overhead.

Because of Mars’ distance from Earth, familiar constellations still appear in similar patterns, though slightly shifted. From the Martian perspective, Earth is just a bright bluish “star” in the sky, never appearing larger than a dot without a telescope. Depending on the season and viewing direction, other planets like Jupiter, Saturn, and Venus are also visible, and occasionally even brighter than they are from Earth. Meteor showers can still be seen on Mars, though they originate from different sources due to the planet’s unique orbit.

Another beautiful phenomenon visible on Mars is the aurora, which unlike Earth’s polar-focused light displays, can occur all over the planet due to Mars’ lack of a global magnetic field. These auroras are typically ultraviolet and would require special instruments to see, but they add to the mysterious charm of Martian nights. Overall, the Martian sky offers a uniquely serene and otherworldly view of the cosmos, blending the familiar with the alien in a way that’s both humbling and awe-inspiring.

Video credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/ESO/Bill Dunford

Sierra Space dicit:

We have successfully completed our sixth stress test and fourth Ultimate Burst Pressure (UBP) test for our LIFE® 10 commercial space station technology, achieving a rupture at 255 psi, the highest pressure yet. This test exceeded NASA’s Factor of Safety recommendations, demonstrating a safety factor greater than 16x in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and 23x in lunar environments. Our team continues to lead in the development of expandable structures for various space applications, as we build the world’s first commercial space station.

Video credit: Sierra Space

NASA dicit:

A NASA study using a series of supercomputer simulations reveals a potential new way Mars’ two moons formed.

Video credit: NASA/Jacob Kegerreis

NASA dicit:

Travel along a steep slope up to the rim of Mars’ Jezero Crater in this panoramic image captured by NASA’s Perseverance just days before the rover reached the top. The scene shows just how steep some of the slopes leading to the crater rim can be.

The rover used its Mastcam-Z camera system to capture this view on Dec. 5, 2024, the 1,349th Martian day, or sol, of the mission. At the time, the rover was about 1,150 feet (350 meters) from, and 250 feet (75 meters) below, the top of the crater rim – a location the science team calls “Lookout Hill.” The rover reached Lookout Hill on Dec. 10 after a climb of 3½ months and 1,640 vertical feet (500 vertical meters).

Video credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS

NASA dicit:

This view was captured by NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover within Gediz Vallis channel, which was likely formed by ancient floodwaters and landslides. After Curiosity drove over a bright stone and cracked it open, scientists discovered it was filled with pure sulfur — something that’s never been seen on Mars before. The rover has discovered lots of sulfur-based minerals in the past, but not pure sulfur. In the video, a separate image of the sulfur crystals appears embedded roughly where the rock was found; the camera’s view of the rock was blocked by the rover at the time this panorama was taken.

You’ll also see Curiosity’s robotic arm, which is raised after drilling its 41st hole at a location nicknamed “Mammoth Lakes.” The sample collected by Curiosity was dropped into instruments in its belly, and will help scientists understand how this area formed.

The rover used its Mast Camera, or Mastcam, to take this panorama on June 19, 2024, the 4,220th Martian day, or sol, of the mission. It’s made up of 336 individual images that were stitched together. The color has been adjusted to match lighting conditions as the human eye would see them on Earth.

Video credit: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Wikipedia dicit:

Ingenuity, nicknamed Ginny, is an autonomous NASA helicopter that operated on Mars from 2021 to 2024 as part of the Mars 2020 mission. Ingenuity made its first flight on April 19, 2021, demonstrating that flight is possible in the extremely thin atmosphere of Mars, and becoming the first aircraft to conduct a powered and controlled extra-terrestrial flight. It was designed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in collaboration with AeroVironment, NASA’s Ames Research Center and Langley Research Center with some components supplied by Lockheed Martin Space, Qualcomm, and SolAero.

Ingenuity was delivered to Mars on February 18, 2021, attached to the underside of the Perseverance rover, which landed at Octavia E. Butler Landing near the western rim of the 45 km-wide (28 mi) Jezero crater. Because radio signals take between five and 20 minutes to travel between Earth and Mars, depending on the planets’ positions, it could not be controlled directly in real time but flew autonomously to execute flight plans designed and sent to it by JPL.

Originally intended to make only five flights, Ingenuity completed 72 flights in nearly three years. The five planned flights were part of a 30-sol technology demonstration intended to prove its airworthiness with flights of up to 90 seconds at altitudes ranging from 3–5 m (10–16 ft). Following this demonstration, JPL designed a series of operational flights to explore how aerial scouts could help explore Mars and other worlds. In this operational role, Ingenuity scouted areas of interest for the Perseverance rover, improved navigational techniques, and explored the limits of its flight envelope. Ingenuity’s performance and resilience in the harsh Martian environment greatly exceeded expectations, allowing it to perform far more flights than were initially planned. On January 18, 2024, Ingenuity’s rotor blades were damaged while landing on its 72nd flight, permanently grounding the helicopter. NASA announced the end of its mission one week later. Ingenuity had flown for a total of two hours, eight minutes and 48 seconds over 1,004 days, covering more than 17 kilometres (11 mi).

Video credit: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory