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Wikipedia dixit:

“Sentinel-2 will serve a wide range of applications related to Earth’s land surface and coastal zones. The mission will mainly provide information for agricultural and forestry practices and for helping manage food security. Satellite images will be used to determine various plant indices such as leaf area chlorophyll and water content indexes. This is particularly important for effective yield prediction and applications related to Earth’s vegetation. As well as monitoring plant growth, Sentinel-2 can be used to map changes in land cover and to monitor the world’s forests. It will also provide information on pollution in lakes and coastal waters. Images of floods, volcanic eruptions and landslides contribute to disaster mapping and help humanitarian relief efforts.

Examples for applications include: monitoring land cover change for environmental monitoring; agricultural applications, such as crop monitoring and management to help food security; detailed vegetation and forest monitoring and parameter generation (e.g. leaf area index, chlorophyll concentration, carbon mass estimations); observation of coastal zones (marine environmental monitoring, coastal zone mapping); inland water monitoring; glacier monitoring, ice extent mapping, snow cover monitoring; flood mapping & management (risk analysis, loss assessment, disaster management during floods).”

Video credit: ESA