OrbitalHub

NASA dicit:

Landsat 9 is the latest satellite to continue the legacy of global observations of Earth’s land surface. With unmatched longevity, accuracy, and coverage, the Landsat program has been the cornerstone of global land imaging since 1972. Landsat 9 continues this tradition, and will carry us into the next 50 years of Earth observations. The two instruments aboard will make the most advanced measurements of any Landsat satellite.

Design and construction of the spacecraft and its instruments is managed by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and operation and archiving of the data is managed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Goddard and Ball Aerospace each built one of the instruments, and the spacecraft was built by Northrop Grumman.

The Landsat Program is a series of Earth-observing satellite missions jointly managed by NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Landsat satellites have been consistently gathering data about our planet since 1972. They continue to improve and expand this unparalleled record of Earth’s changing landscapes for the benefit of all.

Video credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Matthew R. Radcliff (USRA): Lead Producer/Aaron E. Lepsch (ADNET): Technical Support/Matthew R. Radcliff (USRA): Editor/Matthew R. Radcliff (USRA): Narrator/Kate Ramsayer: Writer/Jeffrey Masek (NASA/GSFC): Scientist/Music Marble Place by Matias Suescun [SACEM], published by KTSA Publishing [SACEM], available from Universal Production Music

Wikipedia dicit:

ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite 2), part of NASA’s Earth Observing System, is a satellite mission for measuring ice sheet elevation and sea ice thickness, as well as land topography, vegetation characteristics, and clouds. ICESat-2, a follow-on to the ICESat mission, was launched on 15 September 2018 from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, into a near-circular, near-polar orbit with an altitude of approximately 496 km (308 mi). It was designed to operate for three years and carry enough propellant for seven years. The satellite orbits Earth at a speed of 6.9 kilometers per second (4.3 mi/s).

The ICESat-2 mission is designed to provide elevation data needed to determine ice sheet mass balance as well as vegetation canopy information. It will provide topography measurements of cities, lakes and reservoirs, oceans and land surfaces around the globe, in addition to the polar-specific coverage. ICESat-2 also has the ability to detect seafloor topography up to 100 feet (30m) below the surface in clear watered coastal areas. Because the great changes of polar ice cover in global warming are not quantified, one of the main purposes of ICESat-2 is measuring the changing of the elevation of ice sheets by its laser system and lidar to quantify the influence of melting ice sheet in sea-level raising. Additionally, the high accuracy of multiple pulses allows collecting measurement of the heights of sea ice to analyze its change rate during the time.

The ICESat-2 spacecraft was built and tested by Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems in Gilbert, Arizona, while the on board instrument, ATLAS, was built and managed by Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The ATLAS instrument was designed and built by the center, and the bus was built by and integrated with the instrument by Orbital Sciences (later Orbital ATK). Orbital ATK, which was a global leader in aerospace and defense technologies, was acquired by the Northrop Grumman Corporation on June 6, 2018. The satellite was launched on a Delta II rocket provided by United Launch Alliance. This was the last launch of the Delta II rocket.

Video credit: Credit: NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio/Kel Elkins (USRA): Lead Visualizer/Ryan Fitzgibbons (USRA): Lead Producer/Alek A. Petty (University of Maryland): Scientist/Thomas A. Neumann Ph.D. (NASA/GSFC): Scientist/Nathan T. Kurtz (NASA/GSFC): Scientist

NASA dicit:

Using the most advanced Earth-observing laser instrument NASA has ever flown in space, scientists have made precise, detailed measurements of how the elevation of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have changed over 16 years.

The results provide insights into how the polar ice sheets are changing, demonstrating definitively that small gains of ice in East Antarctica are dwarfed by massive losses in West Antarctica. The scientists found the net loss of ice from Antarctica, along with Greenland’s shrinking ice sheet, has been responsible for 0.55 inches (14 millimeters) of sea level rise between 2003 and 2019 – slightly less than a third of the total amount of sea level rise observed in the world’s oceans.

Video credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Lead Producer: Ryan Fitzgibbons (USRA)
Lead Writer: Kate Ramsayer (Telophase)
Scientist: Thomas A. Neumann Ph.D. (NASA/GSFC)
Lead Scientists: Benjamin E. Smith (University of Washington Applied Physics Lab Polar Science Center)
Helen Amanda Fricker (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego)
Alex S. Gardner (NASA/JPL CalTech)
Lead Visualizer: Kel Elkins (USRA)
Lead Editor: Ryan Fitzgibbons (USRA)
Lead Narrator: LK Ward (USRA)
Lead Animator: Adriana Manrique Gutierrez (USRA)
Videographer: Jefferson Beck (USRA)

NASA dicit:

Better and faster computers have improved how we model and study Earth. More information is the other piece of the puzzle improving how we model and forecast our planet’s atmosphere.

Since 1980, the 10th anniversary of Earth Day, the number of observing systems, which include satellites, weather balloons, and even instruments flown on commercial airlines, have dramatically increased — from 175,000 observations gathered over a six-hour period in 1980 to around 5 million observations in 2018.

The Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, uses the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) modeling and data assimilation system to produce estimates of Earth’s atmospheric state by combining short-term forecasts with observations from numerous observing systems. The GEOS modeling system helps us see Earth more clearly and better understand our atmosphere and how it changes.

Video credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Scientific Visualization Studio/Katie Jepson (USRA): Producer/Will McCarty (NASA/GSFC): Scientist/Will McCarty (NASA/GSFC): Animator/Trent L. Schindler (USRA): Visualizer/Steven Pawson (NASA/GSFC): Scientist

Wikipedia dicit:

The Van Allen Probes, formerly known as the Radiation Belt Storm Probes, were two robotic spacecraft that were used to study the Van Allen radiation belts that surround Earth. NASA conducted the Van Allen Probes mission as part of the Living With a Star program. Understanding the radiation belt environment and its variability has practical applications in the areas of spacecraft operations, spacecraft system design, mission planning and astronaut safety. The probes were launched on 30 August 2012 and operated for seven years. Both spacecraft were deactivated in 2019 when they ran out of fuel. They are expected to deorbit during the 2030s.

Video credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio/Tom Bridgman (GST): Lead Animator/Scott Wiessinger (USRA): Producer/Genna Duberstein (USRA): Producer/David G. Sibeck (NASA/GSFC): Scientist/Shrikanth G. Kanekal (NASA/GSFC): Scientist

NASA dicit:

Asia’s high mountains are a crucial freshwater source to one-seventh of the world’s population. Snow and glaciers in these mountains contain the largest volume of freshwater outside of Earth’s polar ice sheets, leading hydrologists to nickname this region the “third pole.”

Rapid changes in the region’s climate, however, are affecting glacier flows and snowmelt. Local people are already modifying their land-use practices in response to the changing supply, and the region’s ecology is transforming. Scientists estimate that by 2100, these glaciers could be up to 75% smaller in volume.

NASA’s satellites observe and measure snow and ice cover remotely with multiple types of sensors. This allows scientists to create an authoritative estimate of the water budget of this region and a set of products local policy makers can use in responding to hazards and planning for a changing water supply.

Video credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Katie Jepson (USRA): Lead Producer/Carol Rasmussen (NASA/JPL CalTech): Lead Writer/Bailee DesRocher (USRA): Animator/Music credit: “The Mystery Novelist” by Quentin Bachelet [SACEM]